{"id":1805,"date":"2019-07-23T14:42:02","date_gmt":"2019-07-23T13:42:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/demo.thinkcreative.co.uk\/willows\/?page_id=1805"},"modified":"2023-07-03T10:37:05","modified_gmt":"2023-07-03T09:37:05","slug":"cancer-in-cats-and-dogs-assessment-of-the-patient","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/79.170.43.200\/chameleontesting.co.uk\/willowsoldsite\/specialist-services\/pet-health-information\/cancer-care-centre\/cancer-in-cats-and-dogs-assessment-of-the-patient\/","title":{"rendered":"Investigation and Treatment of Cancer in Cats and Dogs"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1805\" class=\"elementor elementor-1805\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-32a4352b elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"32a4352b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b31c1eb\" data-id=\"b31c1eb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-10f8f816 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"10f8f816\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-30e3cb0f\" data-id=\"30e3cb0f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-502df3c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"502df3c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"335\" height=\"378\" src=\"http:\/\/79.170.43.200\/chameleontesting.co.uk\/willowsoldsite\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/cancer-care-icon.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-8051\" alt=\"cancer-care-icon\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"http:\/\/79.170.43.200\/chameleontesting.co.uk\/willowsoldsite\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/cancer-care-icon.png 335w, http:\/\/79.170.43.200\/chameleontesting.co.uk\/willowsoldsite\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/cancer-care-icon-266x300.png 266w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 335px) 100vw, 335px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7af24ac3\" data-id=\"7af24ac3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a48df96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1a48df96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Investigation and Treatment of Cancer<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4b176bd6 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4b176bd6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6592078b\" data-id=\"6592078b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23f49228 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"23f49228\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"238\" height=\"199\" src=\"http:\/\/79.170.43.200\/chameleontesting.co.uk\/willowsoldsite\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Specialism-Icon.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-728\" alt=\"willows-cardiology-icon\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-651e1c0c\" data-id=\"651e1c0c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b721bc5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1b721bc5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tInvestigation and Treatment of Cancer in Cats and Dogs\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-5bf29dbe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5bf29dbe\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4c420e22\" data-id=\"4c420e22\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4bd4bbb0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4bd4bbb0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tThe investigation and management of cancer in pets is relatively straightforward and follows a similar pathway for all patients, with a few basic rules followed. When investigating a tumour, we never forget that the tumour is attached to a patient, and that careful consider is to be given to the care and needs of the pet and owner. This approach ensures that owners are fully informed and that plans for investigation and management of the pet are made following a detailed discussion.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-14dd4508\" data-id=\"14dd4508\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-477f79d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"477f79d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tInvestigation and treatment of cancer follows three steps; investigation and care of the patient, investigation of the tumour and identification of the most appropriate therapy. This ensures that the patient is put first, the disease second, and the proposed therapy third. We always make every effort to ensure that we have a correct diagnosis before begging therapy and that the patient will be able to tolerate the treatment prior to starting it.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-29a6c0f8 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"29a6c0f8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5b88456\" data-id=\"5b88456\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-41226bca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"41226bca\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4a93eb84\" data-id=\"4a93eb84\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-322317f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"322317f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"238\" height=\"199\" src=\"http:\/\/79.170.43.200\/chameleontesting.co.uk\/willowsoldsite\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Specialism-Icon.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-728\" alt=\"willows-cardiology-icon\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2676ec27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2676ec27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tInvestigation and Treatment of Cancer in Cats and Dogs\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-54a4dd44 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"54a4dd44\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7c55f634\" data-id=\"7c55f634\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8edf5fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8edf5fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tThe investigation and management of cancer in pets is relatively straightforward and follows a similar pathway for all patients, with a few basic rules followed.When investigating a tumour, we never forget that the tumour is attached to a patient, and that careful consider is to be given to the care and needs of the pet and owner. This approach ensures that owners are fully informed and that plans for investigation and management of the pet are made following a detailed discussion.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1cdd45b\" data-id=\"1cdd45b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c938f5e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3c938f5e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tInvestigation and treatment of cancer follows three steps; investigation and care of the patient, investigation of the tumour and identification of the most appropriate therapy. This ensures that the patient is put first, the disease second, and the proposed therapy third. We always make every effort to ensure that we have a correct diagnosis before begging therapy and that the patient will be able to tolerate the treatment prior to starting it.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6d3459af elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6d3459af\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6725053f\" data-id=\"6725053f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-58f8d80f\" data-id=\"58f8d80f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3fdd37e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3fdd37e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tGeneral assessment\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-719f889\" data-id=\"719f889\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ea39b7 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ea39b7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-21c96ec2\" data-id=\"21c96ec2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cdbc9dc willows-standard-list-wrap\" data-id=\"cdbc9dc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2157f593 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2157f593\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Our initial approach is to assess the patient and then assess the tumour. Each patient and tumour is different, and so the investigative approach is tailored to the individual, although the same basic principles apply.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>For each patient it is necessary to gain an accurate assessment of the long-term outlook. The prognosis for animals with cancer depends on a number of factors:<\/p><ul><li>The microscopic or histological\u00a0<strong>type <\/strong>of the tumour, i.e. what cells are in the tumour?\u00a0<\/li><li>The\u00a0<strong>grade <\/strong>of the tumour, i.e. how aggressive do these cells look under the microscope and how does the tumour behave e.g. benign or malignant?<\/li><li>The clinical\u00a0<strong>stage <\/strong>of the tumour, i.e. is there any evidence that the tumour is affecting more than one site in the body and how is it affecting the patient now?\u00a0<\/li><li>The presence of tumour-related complications (so-called \u2018paraneoplastic syndromes\u2019)\u00a0<\/li><li>The presence of other diseases.<br \/><br \/><br \/><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6bbb5583 willows-standard-list-wrap\" data-id=\"6bbb5583\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19e86e5f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"19e86e5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Our approach to gaining a prognosis is to assess the general health of the patient and identify any other diseases presence. Once the presence of a tumour is confirmed, as much information possible about the tumour with be gathered whilst identifying how the tumour is affecting the patient. <br \/>\u00a0<\/p><p>The basic principles in assessing a patient with cancer are:<\/p><ul><li>Tumour measurement<\/li><li>Staging the tumour<\/li><li>Assessment of the patient\u2019s general health and fitness<\/li><li>Diagnostic imaging (e.g. X-rays, ultrasound, CT scan, MRI scan)<\/li><li>Blood samples to look at the various blood cells and other substances in the blood (haematology and biochemistry)<\/li><li>Examination of samples from the tumour or other sites, either samples of cells (<strong>cytology<\/strong>) or tissue (<strong>histology<\/strong>).\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><p>Two important factors are the\u00a0<strong>grade<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>stage<\/strong>\u00a0of the tumour, both of which must be assessed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-69b73394 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"69b73394\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-250500e7\" data-id=\"250500e7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ba4fb7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8ba4fb7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tGeneral assessment\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7de49cac\" data-id=\"7de49cac\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1fc63972 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1fc63972\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-398c2741 willows-standard-list-wrap\" data-id=\"398c2741\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30cce043 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"30cce043\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Our initial approach is to assess the patient and then assess the tumour. Each patient and tumour is different, and so the investigative approach is tailored to the individual, although the same basic principles apply.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>For each patient it is necessary to gain an accurate assessment of the long-term outlook. The prognosis for animals with cancer depends on a number of factors:<\/p><ul><li>The microscopic or histological\u00a0<strong>type <\/strong>of the tumour, i.e. what cells are in the tumour?\u00a0<\/li><li>The\u00a0<strong>grade <\/strong>of the tumour, i.e. how aggressive do these cells look under the microscope and how does the tumour behave e.g. benign or malignant?<\/li><li>The clinical\u00a0<strong>stage <\/strong>of the tumour, i.e. is there any evidence that the tumour is affecting more than one site in the body and how is it affecting the patient now?\u00a0<\/li><li>The presence of tumour-related complications (so-called \u2018paraneoplastic syndromes\u2019)\u00a0<\/li><li>The presence of other diseases.<br \/><br \/><br \/><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d52b2f3 willows-standard-list-wrap\" data-id=\"1d52b2f3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45705ef8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"45705ef8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Our approach to gaining a prognosis is to assess the general health of the patient and identify any other diseases presence. Once the presence of a tumour is confirmed, as much information possible about the tumour with be gathered whilst identifying how the tumour is affecting the patient. <br \/>\u00a0<\/p><p>The basic principles in assessing a patient with cancer are:<\/p><ul><li>Tumour measurement<\/li><li>Staging the tumour<\/li><li>Assessment of the patient\u2019s general health and fitness<\/li><li>Diagnostic imaging (e.g. X-rays, ultrasound, CT scan, MRI scan)<\/li><li>Blood samples to look at the various blood cells and other substances in the blood (haematology and biochemistry)<\/li><li>Examination of samples from the tumour or other sites, either samples of cells (<strong>cytology<\/strong>) or tissue (<strong>histology<\/strong>).\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><p>Two important factors are the\u00a0<strong>grade<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>stage<\/strong>\u00a0of the tumour, both of which must be assessed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-56a3994f elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"56a3994f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-389a2306\" data-id=\"389a2306\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-597f5d42 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"597f5d42\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tGeneral assessment\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-79231e02 willows-standard-list-wrap\" data-id=\"79231e02\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1935a379 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1935a379\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Our initial approach is to assess the patient and then assess the tumour. Each patient and tumour is different, and so the investigative approach is tailored to the individual, although the same basic principles apply.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>For each patient it is necessary to gain an accurate assessment of the long-term outlook. The prognosis for animals with cancer depends on a number of factors:<\/p><ul><li>The microscopic or histological\u00a0<strong>type <\/strong>of the tumour, i.e. what cells are in the tumour?\u00a0<\/li><li>The\u00a0<strong>grade <\/strong>of the tumour, i.e. how aggressive do these cells look under the microscope and how does the tumour behave e.g. benign or malignant?<\/li><li>The clinical\u00a0<strong>stage <\/strong>of the tumour, i.e. is there any evidence that the tumour is affecting more than one site in the body and how is it affecting the patient now?\u00a0<\/li><li>The presence of tumour-related complications (so-called \u2018paraneoplastic syndromes\u2019)\u00a0<\/li><li>The presence of other diseases.<br \/><br \/><br \/><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-16db30ba\" data-id=\"16db30ba\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-226a4df1 willows-standard-list-wrap\" data-id=\"226a4df1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40018888 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"40018888\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Our approach to gaining a prognosis is to assess the general health of the patient and identify any other diseases presence. Once the presence of a tumour is confirmed, as much information possible about the tumour with be gathered whilst identifying how the tumour is affecting the patient. <br \/>\u00a0<\/p><p>The basic principles in assessing a patient with cancer are:<\/p><ul><li>Tumour measurement<\/li><li>Staging the tumour<\/li><li>Assessment of the patient\u2019s general health and fitness<\/li><li>Diagnostic imaging (e.g. X-rays, ultrasound, CT scan, MRI scan)<\/li><li>Blood samples to look at the various blood cells and other substances in the blood (haematology and biochemistry)<\/li><li>Examination of samples from the tumour or other sites, either samples of cells (<strong>cytology<\/strong>) or tissue (<strong>histology<\/strong>).\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><p>Two important factors are the\u00a0<strong>grade<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>stage<\/strong>\u00a0of the tumour, both of which must be assessed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-09ad629 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"09ad629\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-edc0166\" data-id=\"edc0166\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a48c3e8\" data-id=\"a48c3e8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c309c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7c309c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tTumour Staging\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3dfa5fc\" data-id=\"3dfa5fc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-77cb802 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"77cb802\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5f0bf11\" data-id=\"5f0bf11\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-72703eb willows-standard-list-wrap\" data-id=\"72703eb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e3d9e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6e3d9e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>One of the most important ways to assess a patient with cancer, is the \u2018<strong>TNM<\/strong>\u2019 system. This involves:<\/p><ul><li>Examination of the primary\u00a0<strong>T<\/strong>umour (with a biopsy)<\/li><li>Assessment of the regional lymph\u00a0<strong>N<\/strong>odes (the \u2018glands\u2019 such as we have in our necks)<\/li><li>Assessment of other sites for\u00a0<strong>M<\/strong>etastasis (spread elsewhere)<\/li><\/ul><p>Staging is generally performed by a combination of physical examination, diagnostic imaging and biopsy samples of the tumour (\u2018cytology\u2019 or \u2018histology\u2019). In some cases, the appearance on diagnostic imaging may be sufficient to make a diagnosis without biopsy, e.g. nodules in the lungs seen on an X-ray of the chest suggests spread of cancer cells to the lungs.<\/p><p>This clinical staging represents the \u2018gold standard\u2019. However, this approach is not necessary or appropriate in all cases. For instance, for a pet with a benign tumour confirmed with a biopsy taken by sucking cells out of the tumour through a hypodermic needle (needle biopsy), the outlook is excellent and the likelihood of tumour spread is very low, so staging may be taken no further after gaining some information about the primary tumour.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-341e0d2 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"341e0d2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e9645b4\" data-id=\"e9645b4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4a3767 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e4a3767\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tTumour Staging\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0552d9\" data-id=\"c0552d9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5b5b231 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5b5b231\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5974d62 willows-standard-list-wrap\" data-id=\"5974d62\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7fb2f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c7fb2f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>One of the most important ways to assess a patient with cancer, is the \u2018<strong>TNM<\/strong>\u2019 system. This involves:<\/p><ul><li>Examination of the primary\u00a0<strong>T<\/strong>umour (with a biopsy)<\/li><li>Assessment of the regional lymph\u00a0<strong>N<\/strong>odes (the \u2018glands\u2019 such as we have in our necks)<\/li><li>Assessment of other sites for\u00a0<strong>M<\/strong>etastasis (spread elsewhere)<\/li><\/ul><p>Staging is generally performed by a combination of physical examination, diagnostic imaging and biopsy samples of the tumour (\u2018cytology\u2019 or \u2018histology\u2019). In some cases, the appearance on diagnostic imaging may be sufficient to make a diagnosis without biopsy, e.g. nodules in the lungs seen on an X-ray of the chest suggests spread of cancer cells to the lungs.<\/p><p>This clinical staging represents the \u2018gold standard\u2019. However, this approach is not necessary or appropriate in all cases. For instance, for a pet with a benign tumour confirmed with a biopsy taken by sucking cells out of the tumour through a hypodermic needle (needle biopsy), the outlook is excellent and the likelihood of tumour spread is very low, so staging may be taken no further after gaining some information about the primary tumour.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-19b21c7 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"19b21c7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-67c7a76\" data-id=\"67c7a76\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1eb2cec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1eb2cec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tTumour Staging\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d9caa34 willows-standard-list-wrap\" data-id=\"d9caa34\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f65de46 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f65de46\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>One of the most important ways to assess a patient with cancer, is the \u2018<strong>TNM<\/strong>\u2019 system. This involves:<\/p><ul><li>Examination of the primary\u00a0<strong>T<\/strong>umour (with a biopsy)<\/li><li>Assessment of the regional lymph\u00a0<strong>N<\/strong>odes (the \u2018glands\u2019 such as we have in our necks)<\/li><li>Assessment of other sites for\u00a0<strong>M<\/strong>etastasis (spread elsewhere)<\/li><\/ul><p>Staging is generally performed by a combination of physical examination, diagnostic imaging and biopsy samples of the tumour (\u2018cytology\u2019 or \u2018histology\u2019). In some cases, the appearance on diagnostic imaging may be sufficient to make a diagnosis without biopsy, e.g. nodules in the lungs seen on an X-ray of the chest suggests spread of cancer cells to the lungs.<\/p><p>This clinical staging represents the \u2018gold standard\u2019. However, this approach is not necessary or appropriate in all cases. For instance, for a pet with a benign tumour confirmed with a biopsy taken by sucking cells out of the tumour through a hypodermic needle (needle biopsy), the outlook is excellent and the likelihood of tumour spread is very low, so staging may be taken no further after gaining some information about the primary tumour.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-243a9ae elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"243a9ae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-039aedd\" data-id=\"039aedd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4fe514d\" data-id=\"4fe514d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f3b0aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1f3b0aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tCare of Pets with Cancer\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f63c754\" data-id=\"f63c754\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-adcc5b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"adcc5b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tManagement of Chronic Cancer Pain\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0016b04 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0016b04\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3f3b93d\" data-id=\"3f3b93d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1a0d11 willows-standard-list-wrap\" data-id=\"b1a0d11\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65fc97d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"65fc97d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tWe all may have our own view of how a tumour is affecting a pet and owners may well have other concerns about their pet. The supportive care of the patient is the second part of compassionate patient care, after \u2018diagnosis\u2019 and before \u2018therapy\u2019. This is important, as we wish to avoid the tendency to leap from diagnosis to treatment without considering what supportive care is needed.\n\nOur approach to supportive care can be summarised by three important rules:\n<br><br>\n<ol>\n \t<li>Ensuring patients do not experience pain or discomfort associated with the tumour or its treatment<\/li>\n \t<li>Ensuring patients are able to eat a normal amount of food to meet their nutritional requirements, and if they cannot, we should think about how to help them to do so<\/li>\n \t<li>Ensuring patients do not suffer side effects of the tumour or therapy, such as vomiting or feeling sick when undergoing treatment, if at all possible.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f5947e4\" data-id=\"f5947e4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56d4c98 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"56d4c98\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tWhen asked what our concerns about cancer would be, most of us would say that pain associated with cancer would be uppermost in our minds. As a rule, we understand how to manage acute pain after an operation, however the management of chronic cancer pain in a patient where a total cure is not possible is sometimes more difficult to achieve.\n<br><br>\nWe have detailed methods of assessment of pain and discomfort and understand the importance of treating and managing pain or discomfort associated with cancer. It is important to realise that management of pain does not just involve drugs traditionally thought of as \u2018painkillers\u2019 but may also include other drugs that have an effect on the way nerves and the brain deal with pain (e.g. gabapentin and amitryptiline) or drugs and other therapies that have an effect on the tumour itself (e.g. bisphosphonates or radiotherapy in cases of the bone tumour, osteosarcoma).\n<br><br>\nIn some tumours the most successful method of pain relief may be surgical removal of the tumour itself, whether that is a procedure designed to cure the patient or a treatment designed to remove or reduce the clinical signs associated with the presence of the tumour without totally curing it.\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0b6f86d elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0b6f86d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-46bee2f\" data-id=\"46bee2f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3d5ad5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e3d5ad5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tCare of Pets with Cancer\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-24916f0\" data-id=\"24916f0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23f0cfd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23f0cfd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tManagement of Chronic Cancer Pain\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-868b665 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"868b665\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7f7ee0e\" data-id=\"7f7ee0e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0ffec1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f0ffec1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tWe all may have our own view of how a tumour is affecting a pet and owners may well have other concerns about their pet. The supportive care of the patient is the second part of compassionate patient care, after \u2018diagnosis\u2019 and before \u2018therapy\u2019. This is important, as we wish to avoid the tendency to leap from diagnosis to treatment without considering what supportive care is needed.\n\nOur approach to supportive care can be summarised by three important rules:\n<br><br>\n<ol>\n \t<li>Ensuring patients do not experience pain or discomfort associated with the tumour or its treatment<\/li>\n \t<li>Ensuring patients are able to eat a normal amount of food to meet their nutritional requirements, and if they cannot, we should think about how to help them to do so<\/li>\n \t<li>Ensuring patients do not suffer side effects of the tumour or therapy, such as vomiting or feeling sick when undergoing treatment, if at all possible.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e26eced\" data-id=\"e26eced\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6e9cf8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d6e9cf8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tWhen asked what our concerns about cancer would be, most of us would say that pain associated with cancer would be uppermost in our minds. As a rule, we understand how to manage acute pain after an operation, however the management of chronic cancer pain in a patient where a total cure is not possible is sometimes more difficult to achieve.\n<br><br>\nWe have detailed methods of assessment of pain and discomfort and understand the importance of treating and managing pain or discomfort associated with cancer. It is important to realise that management of pain does not just involve drugs traditionally thought of as \u2018painkillers\u2019 but may also include other drugs that have an effect on the way nerves and the brain deal with pain (e.g. gabapentin and amitryptiline) or drugs and other therapies that have an effect on the tumour itself (e.g. bisphosphonates or radiotherapy in cases of the bone tumour, osteosarcoma).\n<br><br>\nIn some tumours the most successful method of pain relief may be surgical removal of the tumour itself, whether that is a procedure designed to cure the patient or a treatment designed to remove or reduce the clinical signs associated with the presence of the tumour without totally curing it.\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-67ea377 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"67ea377\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c976a14\" data-id=\"c976a14\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5493f3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5493f3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tCare of Pets with Cancer\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d2b76c9\" data-id=\"d2b76c9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd87a0b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dd87a0b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tWe all may have our own view of how a tumour is affecting a pet and owners may well have other concerns about their pet. The supportive care of the patient is the second part of compassionate patient care, after \u2018diagnosis\u2019 and before \u2018therapy\u2019. This is important, as we wish to avoid the tendency to leap from diagnosis to treatment without considering what supportive care is needed.\n\nOur approach to supportive care can be summarised by three important rules:\n<br><br>\n<ol>\n \t<li>Ensuring patients do not experience pain or discomfort associated with the tumour or its treatment<\/li>\n \t<li>Ensuring patients are able to eat a normal amount of food to meet their nutritional requirements, and if they cannot, we should think about how to help them to do so<\/li>\n \t<li>Ensuring patients do not suffer side effects of the tumour or therapy, such as vomiting or feeling sick when undergoing treatment, if at all possible.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-06ba121\" data-id=\"06ba121\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4acde79 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4acde79\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tManagement of Chronic Cancer Pain\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2a9f6d\" data-id=\"b2a9f6d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c7c491 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3c7c491\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tWhen asked what our concerns about cancer would be, most of us would say that pain associated with cancer would be uppermost in our minds. As a rule, we understand how to manage acute pain after an operation, however the management of chronic cancer pain in a patient where a total cure is not possible is sometimes more difficult to achieve.\n<br><br>\nWe have detailed methods of assessment of pain and discomfort and understand the importance of treating and managing pain or discomfort associated with cancer. It is important to realise that management of pain does not just involve drugs traditionally thought of as \u2018painkillers\u2019 but may also include other drugs that have an effect on the way nerves and the brain deal with pain (e.g. gabapentin and amitryptiline) or drugs and other therapies that have an effect on the tumour itself (e.g. bisphosphonates or radiotherapy in cases of the bone tumour, osteosarcoma).\n<br><br>\nIn some tumours the most successful method of pain relief may be surgical removal of the tumour itself, whether that is a procedure designed to cure the patient or a treatment designed to remove or reduce the clinical signs associated with the presence of the tumour without totally curing it.\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a6d4471 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a6d4471\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-07ccffa\" data-id=\"07ccffa\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d9c93ef\" data-id=\"d9c93ef\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72f0d55 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"72f0d55\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tTumour Biology\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1285037\" data-id=\"1285037\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b51a90a elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b51a90a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-723c486\" data-id=\"723c486\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-525b392\" data-id=\"525b392\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3ffa38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e3ffa38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tAs a general rule, if the basic biology (behaviour of the cancer cells) of a disease cannot be understood it is not possible to provide appropriate treatment. One important lesson that has emerged from both human and veterinary oncology is that, when it comes to cancer, the biology of the disease will dictate what happens in the long-term.\n<br><br>\nA common question asked when a diagnosis of cancer is made in a pet is \u2018What caused the cancer?\u2019 While we know something about some causes (and what is happening in the cancer cells and their genes), for the most part, we do not know the cause.\n<br><br>\nThe total number of cells in a person or animal is a balance between the number of cells growing and those dying. For a long time it has been considered that cancer is a disease caused by uncontrolled cell growth. However, of more importance is the fact that cancer cells refuse to die when programmed to do so. Cancer therapies that encourage cell death are likely to be just as important as, if not more important, than therapies that prevent cell growth.\n<br><br>\nOther examples of cutting edge treatments in humans that have been developed as a result of understanding tumour cell biology include those designed to stop the early phase of tumour spread (metastasis) by preventing tumour cells moving through the tissue, and those causing a reduction in tumour growth by preventing the tumour causing the growth of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) which the tumour needs in order to grow.\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-10420be elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"10420be\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a0cfe56\" data-id=\"a0cfe56\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c364f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c364f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tTumour Biology\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2331153\" data-id=\"2331153\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e9826b0 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e9826b0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2dea311\" data-id=\"2dea311\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-319137e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"319137e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tAs a general rule, if the basic biology (behaviour of the cancer cells) of a disease cannot be understood it is not possible to provide appropriate treatment. One important lesson that has emerged from both human and veterinary oncology is that, when it comes to cancer, the biology of the disease will dictate what happens in the long-term.\n<br><br>\nA common question asked when a diagnosis of cancer is made in a pet is \u2018What caused the cancer?\u2019 While we know something about some causes (and what is happening in the cancer cells and their genes), for the most part, we do not know the cause.\n<br><br>\nThe total number of cells in a person or animal is a balance between the number of cells growing and those dying. For a long time it has been considered that cancer is a disease caused by uncontrolled cell growth. However, of more importance is the fact that cancer cells refuse to die when programmed to do so. Cancer therapies that encourage cell death are likely to be just as important as, if not more important, than therapies that prevent cell growth.\n<br><br>\nOther examples of cutting edge treatments in humans that have been developed as a result of understanding tumour cell biology include those designed to stop the early phase of tumour spread (metastasis) by preventing tumour cells moving through the tissue, and those causing a reduction in tumour growth by preventing the tumour causing the growth of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) which the tumour needs in order to grow.\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fbdb5ce elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fbdb5ce\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-eb6c535\" data-id=\"eb6c535\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f0b391 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9f0b391\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tTumour Biology\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-75f9ee0\" data-id=\"75f9ee0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71e3c13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"71e3c13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tAs a general rule, if the basic biology (behaviour of the cancer cells) of a disease cannot be understood it is not possible to provide appropriate treatment. One important lesson that has emerged from both human and veterinary oncology is that, when it comes to cancer, the biology of the disease will dictate what happens in the long-term.\n<br><br>\nA common question asked when a diagnosis of cancer is made in a pet is \u2018What caused the cancer?\u2019 While we know something about some causes (and what is happening in the cancer cells and their genes), for the most part, we do not know the cause.\n<br><br>\nThe total number of cells in a person or animal is a balance between the number of cells growing and those dying. For a long time it has been considered that cancer is a disease caused by uncontrolled cell growth. However, of more importance is the fact that cancer cells refuse to die when programmed to do so. Cancer therapies that encourage cell death are likely to be just as important as, if not more important, than therapies that prevent cell growth.\n<br><br>\nOther examples of cutting edge treatments in humans that have been developed as a result of understanding tumour cell biology include those designed to stop the early phase of tumour spread (metastasis) by preventing tumour cells moving through the tissue, and those causing a reduction in tumour growth by preventing the tumour causing the growth of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) which the tumour needs in order to grow.\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-50c7a0e elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"50c7a0e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7f3bf97\" data-id=\"7f3bf97\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c893d73\" data-id=\"1c893d73\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a63e32d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2a63e32d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tTumour Pathology\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-68efdb4d\" data-id=\"68efdb4d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66811225 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"66811225\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tOther Effects of the Tumour (Paraneoplastic syndromes)\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-63837466 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"63837466\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5b237054\" data-id=\"5b237054\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d87d574 willows-standard-list-wrap\" data-id=\"d87d574\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ca96052 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4ca96052\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Pathologists play a critical role in the investigation of patients with cancer by examining tissue from the primary tumour and, in some cases, the lymph nodes and other potential sites for spread.<\/p><p>Assessment of cells obtained from a mass with a hypodermic needle (cytology) is often the first approach in the diagnosis however in most animals, examination of a tissue sample (histology) is necessary at some point during the assessment of\u00a0the patient.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Histological assessment of the tumour may also provide more specific information regarding the outlook:<\/p><ul><li>Examination of the tumour edges after the growth has been surgically removed may indicate if the tumour is likely to grow back in the same place (i.e. if there are tumour cells at the edge of the specimen, it is likely that tumour cells have been left in the patient)<\/li><li>Examination of a large specimen for evidence of tumour cells spreading into the blood vessels or lymph drainage vessels may suggest whether the tumour is likely to spread.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-33b6c83c\" data-id=\"33b6c83c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3884b82b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3884b82b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tParaneoplastic syndromes are additional effects that cancer might have in parts of the body away from the original tumour. These abnormalities may have an effect on a patient\u2019s health and may impact their ability to tolerate sedation or anaesthesia and treatment. The paraneoplastic syndrome may be the initial reason for the animal being taken to the Vet (the owner may not even realise that there is a tumour somewhere) and these syndromes may also provide a useful guide to the success of therapy, i.e. if the paraneoplastic syndrome gets better, this suggests that the tumour tissue has been removed or destroyed. In rare cases, the paraneoplastic syndrome may be very obvious but the location of the underlying primary tumour is more difficult to find. In such cases, additional imaging procedures can prove very helpful.\n<br><br>\nExamples of these syndromes are alterations in the number of red blood cells or white blood cells in the circulation and abnormalities in the blood level of glucose or certain salts or \u2018electrolytes\u2019 (e.g. calcium).\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-247ec0aa elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"247ec0aa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-20a0de37\" data-id=\"20a0de37\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7bc35b88 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7bc35b88\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tTumour Pathology\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7161387f\" data-id=\"7161387f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5aa1e886 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5aa1e886\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tOther Effects of the Tumour (Paraneoplastic syndromes)\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1aae8385 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1aae8385\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2d6e3ab0 willows-standard-list-wrap\" data-id=\"2d6e3ab0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7bf4fe98 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7bf4fe98\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Pathologists play a critical role in the investigation of patients with cancer by examining tissue from the primary tumour and, in some cases, the lymph nodes and other potential sites for spread.<\/p><p>Assessment of cells obtained from a mass with a hypodermic needle (cytology) is often the first approach in the diagnosis however in most animals, examination of a tissue sample (histology) is necessary at some point during the assessment of\u00a0the patient.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Histological assessment of the tumour may also provide more specific information regarding the outlook:<\/p><ul><li>Examination of the tumour edges after the growth has been surgically removed may indicate if the tumour is likely to grow back in the same place (i.e. if there are tumour cells at the edge of the specimen, it is likely that tumour cells have been left in the patient)<\/li><li>Examination of a large specimen for evidence of tumour cells spreading into the blood vessels or lymph drainage vessels may suggest whether the tumour is likely to spread.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-78eec208\" data-id=\"78eec208\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61ba5a47 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"61ba5a47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tParaneoplastic syndromes are additional effects that cancer might have in parts of the body away from the original tumour. These abnormalities may have an effect on a patient\u2019s health and may impact their ability to tolerate sedation or anaesthesia and treatment. The paraneoplastic syndrome may be the initial reason for the animal being taken to the Vet (the owner may not even realise that there is a tumour somewhere) and these syndromes may also provide a useful guide to the success of therapy, i.e. if the paraneoplastic syndrome gets better, this suggests that the tumour tissue has been removed or destroyed. In rare cases, the paraneoplastic syndrome may be very obvious but the location of the underlying primary tumour is more difficult to find. In such cases, additional imaging procedures can prove very helpful.\n<br><br>\nExamples of these syndromes are alterations in the number of red blood cells or white blood cells in the circulation and abnormalities in the blood level of glucose or certain salts or \u2018electrolytes\u2019 (e.g. calcium).\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1980aec5 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1980aec5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-286a0699\" data-id=\"286a0699\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7805e669 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7805e669\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tTumour Pathology\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2ca8ab26 willows-standard-list-wrap\" data-id=\"2ca8ab26\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77a37804 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"77a37804\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Pathologists play a critical role in the investigation of patients with cancer by examining tissue from the primary tumour and, in some cases, the lymph nodes and other potential sites for spread.<\/p><p>Assessment of cells obtained from a mass with a hypodermic needle (cytology) is often the first approach in the diagnosis however in most animals, examination of a tissue sample (histology) is necessary at some point during the assessment of\u00a0the patient.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Histological assessment of the tumour may also provide more specific information regarding the outlook:<\/p><ul><li>Examination of the tumour edges after the growth has been surgically removed may indicate if the tumour is likely to grow back in the same place (i.e. if there are tumour cells at the edge of the specimen, it is likely that tumour cells have been left in the patient)<\/li><li>Examination of a large specimen for evidence of tumour cells spreading into the blood vessels or lymph drainage vessels may suggest whether the tumour is likely to spread.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-13735179\" data-id=\"13735179\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-121a7b9e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"121a7b9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tOther Effects of the Tumour (Paraneoplastic syndromes)\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-21cce6e4\" data-id=\"21cce6e4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b2787cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4b2787cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tParaneoplastic syndromes are additional effects that cancer might have in parts of the body away from the original tumour. These abnormalities may have an effect on a patient\u2019s health and may impact their ability to tolerate sedation or anaesthesia and treatment. The paraneoplastic syndrome may be the initial reason for the animal being taken to the Vet (the owner may not even realise that there is a tumour somewhere) and these syndromes may also provide a useful guide to the success of therapy, i.e. if the paraneoplastic syndrome gets better, this suggests that the tumour tissue has been removed or destroyed. In rare cases, the paraneoplastic syndrome may be very obvious but the location of the underlying primary tumour is more difficult to find. In such cases, additional imaging procedures can prove very helpful.\n<br><br>\nExamples of these syndromes are alterations in the number of red blood cells or white blood cells in the circulation and abnormalities in the blood level of glucose or certain salts or \u2018electrolytes\u2019 (e.g. calcium).\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9d36488 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9d36488\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9b9f134\" data-id=\"9b9f134\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c78b1f8\" data-id=\"c78b1f8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc646b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cc646b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tAchieving a diagnosis\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b8a3eb6 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b8a3eb6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-59d5d65\" data-id=\"59d5d65\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5973257\" data-id=\"5973257\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-596b08b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"596b08b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tAs a general rule, a biopsy (taking cells or a larger piece of the tumour for analysis) is needed before beginning any therapy. A biopsy may be omitted if knowing more about the tumour would not change the treatment plan or the willingness to treat the patient. However, care is taken to ensure that these reasons apply in any individual patient. A biopsy should always be tailored to the individual tumour and we will always consider whether a biopsy of the regional lymph node (gland) or other sites of potential metastasis (spread) is needed at the same time.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2d4298 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2d4298\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8f1f602\" data-id=\"8f1f602\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f906116 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f906116\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tAchieving a diagnosis\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-67ede62 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"67ede62\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0c145f2\" data-id=\"0c145f2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76cd323 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"76cd323\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tAs a general rule, a biopsy (taking cells or a larger piece of the tumour for analysis) is needed before beginning any therapy. A biopsy may be omitted if knowing more about the tumour would not change the treatment plan or the willingness to treat the patient. However, care is taken to ensure that these reasons apply in any individual patient. A biopsy should always be tailored to the individual tumour and we will always consider whether a biopsy of the regional lymph node (gland) or other sites of potential metastasis (spread) is needed at the same time.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5f8bf44 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5f8bf44\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f4f007b\" data-id=\"f4f007b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61248b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"61248b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tAchieving a diagnosis\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b00d984\" data-id=\"b00d984\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a9e462f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a9e462f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tAs a general rule, a biopsy (taking cells or a larger piece of the tumour for analysis) is needed before beginning any therapy. A biopsy may be omitted if knowing more about the tumour would not change the treatment plan or the willingness to treat the patient. However, care is taken to ensure that these reasons apply in any individual patient. A biopsy should always be tailored to the individual tumour and we will always consider whether a biopsy of the regional lymph node (gland) or other sites of potential metastasis (spread) is needed at the same time.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9c3e55e elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9c3e55e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7c902dd\" data-id=\"7c902dd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f2bae22\" data-id=\"f2bae22\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-faa0dae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"faa0dae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tSelecting the Best Cancer Treatment\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3fe6206\" data-id=\"3fe6206\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8b9181 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c8b9181\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tMonitoring Response to Therapy \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ee50b91 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ee50b91\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ecf562d\" data-id=\"ecf562d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc9161b willows-standard-list-wrap\" data-id=\"dc9161b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e4fddda elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e4fddda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Once a diagnosis has been achieved and there is information on clinical staging, the effect of the tumour on the patient and any coexisting diseases, and once it has been identified if the patient needs additional supportive care, different treatment options can be considered.<\/p><p>The main treatment options for the management of cancer are:<\/p><ul><li><strong>Surgery:<\/strong>The physical removal of the tumour\u00a0<\/li><li><strong>Radiotherapy:<\/strong>The use of a strong X-ray beam to destroy the cancer cells where they sit<\/li><li><strong>Chemotherapy:<\/strong>The use of anti-cancer drugs to kill cancer cells wherever they are.<br \/>\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><p>Each of these has specific advantages and disadvantages and may be used singly or in combination. All of the factors listed above, particularly the tumour type, grade, stage and location and the presence of other health problems will help to decide what the most appropriate therapy is. Therapy may be designed to cure the patient or to remove the signs of illness for as long as possible, if a complete cure is not possible.\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>In addition, other ways of treating cancers are becoming more common in human oncology, and these benefits will become available for animals in due course, including:<\/p><ul><li>Immunotherapy; vaccination with melanoma-specific antigens in patients with melanoma (a tumour of the pigment cells in the body)<\/li><li>Targeted therapy with small molecule inhibitors; tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) which may be used in some patients with mast cell tumours.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-456a60f willows-standard-list-wrap\" data-id=\"456a60f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f6745d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4f6745d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Once the cancer has been treated, a patient will still be monitored in various ways, depending on the nature of the tumour and the aim of the therapy. This may involve a number of the tests (e.g. blood samples, X-rays) used to make the diagnosis in the first place and a plan for monitoring will be tailored to the needs of the patient. This may include:<\/p><ul><li>Monitoring for the return (local recurrence) of the tumour at the original site<\/li><li>Examining for the presence of tumour spread elsewhere<\/li><li>Monitoring for the development of new primary tumours at other sites.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f3df15f elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f3df15f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dc319ad\" data-id=\"dc319ad\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95a6137 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"95a6137\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tSelecting the Best Cancer Treatment\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9b998fa\" data-id=\"9b998fa\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8dbb790 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8dbb790\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tMonitoring Response to Therapy \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-105a85e elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-phone elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"105a85e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ee509b2 willows-standard-list-wrap\" data-id=\"ee509b2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd2ea00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd2ea00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Once a diagnosis has been achieved and there is information on clinical staging, the effect of the tumour on the patient and any coexisting diseases, and once it has been identified if the patient needs additional supportive care, different treatment options can be considered.<\/p><p>The main treatment options for the management of cancer are:<\/p><ul><li><strong>Surgery:<\/strong>The physical removal of the tumour\u00a0<\/li><li><strong>Radiotherapy:<\/strong>The use of a strong X-ray beam to destroy the cancer cells where they sit<\/li><li><strong>Chemotherapy:<\/strong>The use of anti-cancer drugs to kill cancer cells wherever they are.<br \/>\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><p>Each of these has specific advantages and disadvantages and may be used singly or in combination. All of the factors listed above, particularly the tumour type, grade, stage and location and the presence of other health problems will help to decide what the most appropriate therapy is. Therapy may be designed to cure the patient or to remove the signs of illness for as long as possible, if a complete cure is not possible.\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>In addition, other ways of treating cancers are becoming more common in human oncology, and these benefits will become available for animals in due course, including:<\/p><ul><li>Immunotherapy; vaccination with melanoma-specific antigens in patients with melanoma (a tumour of the pigment cells in the body)<\/li><li>Targeted therapy with small molecule inhibitors; tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) which may be used in some patients with mast cell tumours.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f10b19c willows-standard-list-wrap\" data-id=\"f10b19c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8824d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a8824d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Once the cancer has been treated, a patient will still be monitored in various ways, depending on the nature of the tumour and the aim of the therapy. This may involve a number of the tests (e.g. blood samples, X-rays) used to make the diagnosis in the first place and a plan for monitoring will be tailored to the needs of the patient. This may include:<\/p><ul><li>Monitoring for the return (local recurrence) of the tumour at the original site<\/li><li>Examining for the presence of tumour spread elsewhere<\/li><li>Monitoring for the development of new primary tumours at other sites.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2ebf8d7 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2ebf8d7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1bee781\" data-id=\"1bee781\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69ee64b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"69ee64b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tSelecting the Best Cancer Treatment\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-13fe82c willows-standard-list-wrap\" data-id=\"13fe82c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d72faa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2d72faa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Once a diagnosis has been achieved and there is information on clinical staging, the effect of the tumour on the patient and any coexisting diseases, and once it has been identified if the patient needs additional supportive care, different treatment options can be considered.<\/p><p>The main treatment options for the management of cancer are:<\/p><ul><li><strong>Surgery:<\/strong>The physical removal of the tumour\u00a0<\/li><li><strong>Radiotherapy:<\/strong>The use of a strong X-ray beam to destroy the cancer cells where they sit<\/li><li><strong>Chemotherapy:<\/strong>The use of anti-cancer drugs to kill cancer cells wherever they are.<br \/>\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><p>Each of these has specific advantages and disadvantages and may be used singly or in combination. All of the factors listed above, particularly the tumour type, grade, stage and location and the presence of other health problems will help to decide what the most appropriate therapy is. Therapy may be designed to cure the patient or to remove the signs of illness for as long as possible, if a complete cure is not possible.\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>In addition, other ways of treating cancers are becoming more common in human oncology, and these benefits will become available for animals in due course, including:<\/p><ul><li>Immunotherapy; vaccination with melanoma-specific antigens in patients with melanoma (a tumour of the pigment cells in the body)<\/li><li>Targeted therapy with small molecule inhibitors; tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) which may be used in some patients with mast cell tumours.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-586d36c\" data-id=\"586d36c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22cadea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22cadea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tMonitoring Response to Therapy \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f6b2391 willows-standard-list-wrap\" data-id=\"f6b2391\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-699fa37 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"699fa37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Once the cancer has been treated, a patient will still be monitored in various ways, depending on the nature of the tumour and the aim of the therapy. This may involve a number of the tests (e.g. blood samples, X-rays) used to make the diagnosis in the first place and a plan for monitoring will be tailored to the needs of the patient. This may include:<\/p><ul><li>Monitoring for the return (local recurrence) of the tumour at the original site<\/li><li>Examining for the presence of tumour spread elsewhere<\/li><li>Monitoring for the development of new primary tumours at other sites.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-389cf73 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"389cf73\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4daf8ed\" data-id=\"4daf8ed\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b29a2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-template\" data-id=\"5b29a2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"template.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-template\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"14617\" class=\"elementor elementor-14617\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6fa07fe0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6fa07fe0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4b2827e0\" data-id=\"4b2827e0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3f227f84\" data-id=\"3f227f84\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a79a800 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a79a800\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>To save this page as a PDF, click the button and make sure &#8220;Save as PDF&#8221; is selected.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-293f33cc\" data-id=\"293f33cc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d025c2c willows-print-button elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d025c2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<a style=\"color: #004d71;\"><i class=\"fa fa-print\"><\/i> Save Page as PDF<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85e75be elementor-widget elementor-widget-template\" data-id=\"85e75be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"template.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-template\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"4754\" class=\"elementor elementor-4754\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-85ac0f2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"85ac0f2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e88fc32 area-menu-container\" data-id=\"e88fc32\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7749783 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"7749783\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"SpecialismAnchor\" class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80488e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"80488e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"SpecialismAnchorTablet\" class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-858d4ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"858d4ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"SpecialismAnchorMobile\" class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-5f50873 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5f50873\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-b8cdc0a\" data-id=\"b8cdc0a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b8a043 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9b8a043\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Cancer Care &#8211; Find out more<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5293aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d5293aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>To assist owners in understanding more about Cancer Care we have put together a range of information sheets to talk you through the some of the more common conditions seen and treated by our Specialists.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-4e7da89 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4e7da89\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c16272f\" data-id=\"c16272f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc841b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fc841b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tCondition:\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1aee6d2 elementor-nav-menu__align-left elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu\" data-id=\"1aee6d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;layout&quot;:&quot;vertical&quot;,&quot;submenu_icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;&lt;i class=\\&quot;fas fa-chevron-down\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/i&gt;&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;}}\" data-widget_type=\"nav-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"elementor-nav-menu--main elementor-nav-menu__container elementor-nav-menu--layout-vertical e--pointer-none\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-1aee6d2\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu sm-vertical\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4698\"><a href=\"http:\/\/79.170.43.200\/chameleontesting.co.uk\/willowsoldsite\/specialist-services\/pet-health-information\/cancer-care-centre\/introduction-to-cancer-in-cats-and-dogs\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">An Introduction to Cancer in Cats and Dogs<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4689\"><a href=\"http:\/\/79.170.43.200\/chameleontesting.co.uk\/willowsoldsite\/specialist-services\/pet-health-information\/cancer-care-centre\/anal-sac-tumours-carcinoma-of-the-apocrine-glands-of-the-anal-sac\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Anal Sac Tumours<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4690\"><a href=\"http:\/\/79.170.43.200\/chameleontesting.co.uk\/willowsoldsite\/specialist-services\/pet-health-information\/cancer-care-centre\/canine-mast-cell-tumours\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Canine Mast Cell Tumours<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4691\"><a href=\"http:\/\/79.170.43.200\/chameleontesting.co.uk\/willowsoldsite\/specialist-services\/pet-health-information\/cancer-care-centre\/lymphoma-in-dog-diagnosis-and-treatment\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Lymphoma in Dogs<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4692\"><a href=\"http:\/\/79.170.43.200\/chameleontesting.co.uk\/willowsoldsite\/specialist-services\/pet-health-information\/cancer-care-centre\/malignant-melanoma-in-dogs\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Malignant Melanoma in Dogs<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4693\"><a href=\"http:\/\/79.170.43.200\/chameleontesting.co.uk\/willowsoldsite\/specialist-services\/pet-health-information\/cancer-care-centre\/oral-tumours-in-dogs\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Oral Tumours in Dogs<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4694\"><a href=\"http:\/\/79.170.43.200\/chameleontesting.co.uk\/willowsoldsite\/specialist-services\/pet-health-information\/cancer-care-centre\/osteosarcoma\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Osteosarcoma<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4696\"><a href=\"http:\/\/79.170.43.200\/chameleontesting.co.uk\/willowsoldsite\/specialist-services\/pet-health-information\/cancer-care-centre\/soft-tissue-sarcoma-in-dogs\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Soft Tissue Sarcoma<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"elementor-nav-menu--dropdown elementor-nav-menu__container\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-2-1aee6d2\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu sm-vertical\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4698\"><a href=\"http:\/\/79.170.43.200\/chameleontesting.co.uk\/willowsoldsite\/specialist-services\/pet-health-information\/cancer-care-centre\/introduction-to-cancer-in-cats-and-dogs\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">An Introduction to Cancer in Cats and Dogs<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4689\"><a href=\"http:\/\/79.170.43.200\/chameleontesting.co.uk\/willowsoldsite\/specialist-services\/pet-health-information\/cancer-care-centre\/anal-sac-tumours-carcinoma-of-the-apocrine-glands-of-the-anal-sac\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Anal Sac Tumours<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4690\"><a href=\"http:\/\/79.170.43.200\/chameleontesting.co.uk\/willowsoldsite\/specialist-services\/pet-health-information\/cancer-care-centre\/canine-mast-cell-tumours\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Canine Mast Cell Tumours<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4691\"><a href=\"http:\/\/79.170.43.200\/chameleontesting.co.uk\/willowsoldsite\/specialist-services\/pet-health-information\/cancer-care-centre\/lymphoma-in-dog-diagnosis-and-treatment\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Lymphoma in Dogs<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4692\"><a href=\"http:\/\/79.170.43.200\/chameleontesting.co.uk\/willowsoldsite\/specialist-services\/pet-health-information\/cancer-care-centre\/malignant-melanoma-in-dogs\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Malignant Melanoma in Dogs<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4693\"><a href=\"http:\/\/79.170.43.200\/chameleontesting.co.uk\/willowsoldsite\/specialist-services\/pet-health-information\/cancer-care-centre\/oral-tumours-in-dogs\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Oral Tumours in Dogs<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4694\"><a href=\"http:\/\/79.170.43.200\/chameleontesting.co.uk\/willowsoldsite\/specialist-services\/pet-health-information\/cancer-care-centre\/osteosarcoma\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Osteosarcoma<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4696\"><a href=\"http:\/\/79.170.43.200\/chameleontesting.co.uk\/willowsoldsite\/specialist-services\/pet-health-information\/cancer-care-centre\/soft-tissue-sarcoma-in-dogs\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Soft Tissue Sarcoma<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ec1d086\" data-id=\"ec1d086\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43e07a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"43e07a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\tTreatment:\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa5e741 elementor-nav-menu__align-left elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-none elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu\" data-id=\"fa5e741\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;layout&quot;:&quot;vertical&quot;,&quot;submenu_icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;&lt;i class=\\&quot;fas fa-chevron-down\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/i&gt;&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;}}\" data-widget_type=\"nav-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"elementor-nav-menu--main elementor-nav-menu__container elementor-nav-menu--layout-vertical e--pointer-none\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-fa5e741\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu sm-vertical\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2304\"><a href=\"http:\/\/79.170.43.200\/chameleontesting.co.uk\/willowsoldsite\/specialist-services\/pet-health-information\/cancer-care-centre\/cancer-in-cats-and-dogs-assessment-of-the-patient\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Treatment of Cancer in Cats and Dogs<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2300\"><a href=\"http:\/\/79.170.43.200\/chameleontesting.co.uk\/willowsoldsite\/specialist-services\/pet-health-information\/cancer-care-centre\/chemotherapy-and-your-pet\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Chemotherapy and your pet<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2301\"><a href=\"http:\/\/79.170.43.200\/chameleontesting.co.uk\/willowsoldsite\/specialist-services\/pet-health-information\/cancer-care-centre\/safe-handling-of-chemotherapy-at-home\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Handling of Chemotherapy Drugs at Home<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2302\"><a href=\"http:\/\/79.170.43.200\/chameleontesting.co.uk\/willowsoldsite\/specialist-services\/pet-health-information\/cancer-care-centre\/metronomic-chemotherapy-sometimes-less-is-more\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Metronomic Chemotherapy<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2303\"><a href=\"http:\/\/79.170.43.200\/chameleontesting.co.uk\/willowsoldsite\/specialist-services\/pet-health-information\/cancer-care-centre\/chemotherapy-and-your-pet\/side-effects-of-chemotherapy\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Side Effects of Chemotherapy<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2308\"><a href=\"http:\/\/79.170.43.200\/chameleontesting.co.uk\/willowsoldsite\/specialist-services\/pet-health-information\/cancer-care-centre\/radiotherapy-in-veterinary-patients\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Radiotherapy<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2309\"><a href=\"http:\/\/79.170.43.200\/chameleontesting.co.uk\/willowsoldsite\/specialist-services\/pet-health-information\/cancer-care-centre\/radiotherapy-for-brain-tumours\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Radiotherapy for Brain Tumours<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2310\"><a href=\"http:\/\/79.170.43.200\/chameleontesting.co.uk\/willowsoldsite\/specialist-services\/pet-health-information\/cancer-care-centre\/cancer-in-cats-and-dogs-surgical-therapy\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Surgical Therapy for Cancer in Cats and Dogs<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8008\"><a href=\"http:\/\/79.170.43.200\/chameleontesting.co.uk\/willowsoldsite\/electrochemotherapy-in-cats-and-dogs\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Electrochemotherapy in Cats and Dogs<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"elementor-nav-menu--dropdown elementor-nav-menu__container\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-2-fa5e741\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu sm-vertical\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2304\"><a href=\"http:\/\/79.170.43.200\/chameleontesting.co.uk\/willowsoldsite\/specialist-services\/pet-health-information\/cancer-care-centre\/cancer-in-cats-and-dogs-assessment-of-the-patient\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Treatment of Cancer in Cats and Dogs<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2300\"><a href=\"http:\/\/79.170.43.200\/chameleontesting.co.uk\/willowsoldsite\/specialist-services\/pet-health-information\/cancer-care-centre\/chemotherapy-and-your-pet\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Chemotherapy and your pet<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2301\"><a href=\"http:\/\/79.170.43.200\/chameleontesting.co.uk\/willowsoldsite\/specialist-services\/pet-health-information\/cancer-care-centre\/safe-handling-of-chemotherapy-at-home\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Handling of Chemotherapy Drugs at Home<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2302\"><a href=\"http:\/\/79.170.43.200\/chameleontesting.co.uk\/willowsoldsite\/specialist-services\/pet-health-information\/cancer-care-centre\/metronomic-chemotherapy-sometimes-less-is-more\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Metronomic Chemotherapy<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2303\"><a href=\"http:\/\/79.170.43.200\/chameleontesting.co.uk\/willowsoldsite\/specialist-services\/pet-health-information\/cancer-care-centre\/chemotherapy-and-your-pet\/side-effects-of-chemotherapy\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Side Effects of Chemotherapy<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2308\"><a href=\"http:\/\/79.170.43.200\/chameleontesting.co.uk\/willowsoldsite\/specialist-services\/pet-health-information\/cancer-care-centre\/radiotherapy-in-veterinary-patients\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Radiotherapy<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2309\"><a href=\"http:\/\/79.170.43.200\/chameleontesting.co.uk\/willowsoldsite\/specialist-services\/pet-health-information\/cancer-care-centre\/radiotherapy-for-brain-tumours\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Radiotherapy for Brain Tumours<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2310\"><a href=\"http:\/\/79.170.43.200\/chameleontesting.co.uk\/willowsoldsite\/specialist-services\/pet-health-information\/cancer-care-centre\/cancer-in-cats-and-dogs-surgical-therapy\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Surgical Therapy for Cancer in Cats and Dogs<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8008\"><a href=\"http:\/\/79.170.43.200\/chameleontesting.co.uk\/willowsoldsite\/electrochemotherapy-in-cats-and-dogs\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Electrochemotherapy in Cats and Dogs<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Investigation and Treatment of Cancer Investigation and Treatment of Cancer in Cats and DogsThe investigation and management of cancer in<a class=\"willows-read-more\" href=\"http:\/\/79.170.43.200\/chameleontesting.co.uk\/willowsoldsite\/specialist-services\/pet-health-information\/cancer-care-centre\/cancer-in-cats-and-dogs-assessment-of-the-patient\/\">READ MORE <i class=\"fa fa-chevron-right\"><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"parent":1794,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_mo_disable_npp":""},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.11 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Investigation and Treatment of Cancer in Cats and Dogs - Willows Vets - Veterinary Specialists - Birmingham - 24 hour Emergency - Radioactive Iodine Service<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Cancer in cats and dogs: Surgical therapyThe role of surgery in the management of the patient with 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